Custom Toroidal Transformers

Custom Toroidal Transformer Manufacturing

A toroidal transformer is a unique and efficient type of electrical transformer that utilizes a ring-shaped core, giving it its distinctive doughnut-like appearance. The core of a toroidal transformer is made from a continuous strip of grain-oriented silicon steel tape, wound in a circular shape. This tape is typically coated with an insulating material to prevent eddy currents. The primary and secondary windings are then wound around this ring-shaped core, distributed evenly to cover its entire circumference. This design offers several advantages over traditional laminated core transformers, making toroidal transformers popular in various applications.

Custom toroidal transformer manufacturing involves specialized design and production processes to meet precise application requirements, leveraging unique core materials and advanced winding techniques. These transformers are prized for their compact size, high efficiency, and low electromagnetic interference (EMI), making them ideal for industries like medical devices, renewable energy, audio systems, avionics and telecommunications.

Toroidal Power Transformer Advantages

Toroidal power transformers offer several significant advantages over traditional EI (Electromagnetic Interference) transformers, making them a popular choice in various applications. Here are the key benefits of using toroidal transformers.

  • Efficiency and Performance: Toroidal transformers are known for their high efficiency, typically ranging from 95% to 99%. This superior efficiency is due to their unique circular design.
  • Size & Weight: Half the size and weight of traditional transformers, allows for the same power output in a smaller package, fewer raw materials
  • Noise Reduction:Toroidal transformers are known for their quiet operation: lack of mechanical hum, absence of air gaps in toroidal cores helps reduce noise issues
  • Electromagnetic Interference (EMI): Toroidal transformers excel in minimizing EMI: produce significantly less stray magnetic energy, magnetic flux is largely contained due to the configuration of windings and core, making toroidal transformers ideal for in electronic devices with delicate components.
  • Mounting and Installation: Toroidal transformers offer convenient mounting options: often be mounted with just one bolt, compared to four or more for laminated EI transformers, lowering maintenance and downtime.
  • Thermal Performance: Toroidal transformers have better thermal characteristics: operating at lower temperatures, circular shape enables more uniform heat distribution, preventing hotspots
  • Cost-Effectiveness: Despite potentially higher initial costs, toroidal transformers can be more economical in the long run: high efficiency leads to long-term cost savings due to lower energy consumption, compact size can reduce overall system costs by allowing for smaller chassis designs.
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Toroidal Power Transformer Manufacturing Process

The core is crafted from high-permeability materials like cold-rolled silicon steel or nickel-iron alloys, which are wound into a seamless ring shape. For industrial-grade cores, insulated metal ribbons (e.g., silicon steel) are spirally wound under tension to eliminate air gaps, ensuring optimal magnetic flux alignment. After cold deformation, the core undergoes final annealing in an inert gas to restore magnetic properties and reduce losses. This results in a nearly gap-free structure, minimizing no-load current and hysteresis losses.

Copper windings are evenly distributed around the core using specialized toroidal winding machines. Key steps include:

  1. Primary Winding:
    • Insulating the core with Mylar tape or epoxy coating to prevent short circuits.
    • Winding magnet wire (e.g., 0.61mm diameter for a 150VA transformer) around the core using a shuttle or automated tool, ensuring tight, layered coils.
    • Applying insulating varnish and cellophane between layers.
  2. Secondary Winding:
    • For dual-output transformers, two wires are wound in parallel to create a center tap.
    • Thicker gauge wire (e.g., 1.83mm for 24V/6.44A) is used for high-current secondaries.
    • Post-winding, connections are soldered, insulated with heat-shrink tubing, and secured with masking tape.
  • Terminal Fixing: Leads are attached using gland nuts and rubber pads for strain relief.
  • Encapsulation: The transformer is often potted in epoxy resin or polyurethane to dampen vibrations and enhance durability. A central screw through the core’s hole facilitates mounting.
  • Drying: Post-winding, the transformer is baked to cure insulating varnish.
  • Testing: Efficiency, temperature rise, and regulation (e.g., ≤5% voltage drop at full load) are verified. Industrial designs typically achieve ≥95% efficiency with no-load currents 10% of laminated cores.

Applications of Toroidal Power Transformers

Toroidal power transformers offer significant advantages in terms of efficiency, size, and performance across a diverse range of applications. Their unique design makes them particularly well-suited for situations where space is limited, noise reduction is crucial, and high efficiency is required.

  • Industrial Applications
  • Power Supply and Distribution
  • Consumer Electronics
  • Medical Devices
  • Renewable Energy Systems
  • Specialized Equipment
  • Audio Equipment

Design Considerations for Custom Toroidal Transformers

Leightner designs custom toroids for specific applications. A custom toroidal transformer requires careful attention to various factors to ensure optimal performance, efficiency, and reliability for your application. These vary by your specifications for power output requirements, maximum voltages, currents, and frequencies needed. Other considerations for your toroidal designs include:

  • 1. Core Material Selection
  • 2. Winding Configuration
  • 3. Efficiency and Loss Minimization
  • 4. Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)
  • 5. Thermal Management
  • 6. Mechanical Design (size)
  • 7. Application-Specific Customization
    • Define key specifications such as power rating, voltage, current, frequency, duty cycle, and environmental conditions.
  • 8. Compliance with Standards
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Let Leightner Design Your Toroidal Transformers Today

With over 50 years of manufacturing and 100s of 1,000s transformers built to specifications, Leightner can handle any applications of your custom toroidal transformer needs. Request a quote to start the manufacturing process today!

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Leightner has over 50 Years of Experience Prototyping, Designing, & Manufacturing Custom Transformers For All Types of Applications